Dp 5-2
Summarize Kohlberg and Gilligan’s theories of moral development. Explain how they are similar and how they differ.
Answer:
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development outlines three levels of moral reasoning, each with two stages: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Individuals make decisions based on consequences, rewards, or punishments at the pre-conventional level. At the conventional level, moral decisions are based on social norms and expectations. At the post-conventional level, individuals make moral decisions based on personal ethical principles.
On the other hand, Gilligan’s theory of moral development focuses on the differences in moral reasoning between men and women. She argues that women tend to prioritize care and responsibility for others, whereas men prioritize justice and rights. Gilligan’s theory identifies three levels of moral reasoning in women: care, universal care, and care-justice.
Both Kohlberg and Gilligan’s theories share the idea that moral development occurs in stages and is influenced by the individual’s experiences and socialization. However, they differ in their focus and approach. Kohlberg’s theory is centered on universal moral development, whereas Gilligan’s theory is focused on gender differences in moral reasoning. Additionally, Kohlberg’s theory emphasizes justice and rights, whereas Gilligan’s theory prioritizes care and responsibility for others.
